What term refers to logical conclusions readers make based on observations and prior knowledge?

The term that refers to logical conclusions readers make based on observations and prior knowledge is "inferences." Inferences are the mental processes where readers connect the dots between the information presented in a text and their own experiences or understanding of the world. When readers encounter information, they do not just take it at face value; instead, they actively interpret it, drawing upon what they already know to fill in gaps or to provide context.

Inferences are essential for deeper comprehension, as they allow readers to engage with the text on a meaningful level, going beyond literal interpretations to derive significance and implication from what they read. This skill enhances critical thinking and analytical abilities, since it involves evaluating evidence within the text and correlating it with prior knowledge.

The other terms, while related, do not capture this specific process as accurately as "inferences." Conjectures and postulations suggest more of a hypothesis or guess without the necessary connection to evidence that inferences provide. Predictive reasoning leans towards forecasting future events based on current data rather than making connections based on existing knowledge and observations in a text.