What term describes a statement that summarizes a central idea in a text?

The term that describes a statement summarizing a central idea in a text is known as a thesis statement. A thesis statement provides the overarching argument or claim that the writer intends to convey throughout the piece. It encapsulates the main point or focus of the text, guiding the reader on what to expect and helping to organize the supporting details that follow.

While the other terms have their specific functions, a topic sentence typically introduces the main idea of a particular paragraph rather than the entire text. A concluding statement generally wraps up the argument or discussion at the end of the piece, and an introduction serves to present the subject matter and set the stage for the entire text. Therefore, a thesis statement is distinct in that it serves as a summary of the central idea, making it crucial for understanding the writer’s purpose.