What does the term "theme" refer to in literature?

The term "theme" in literature refers to the central topic or message that the author explores throughout the work. Themes are often universal concepts that resonate with readers, reflecting deeper meanings and insights about life, society, or human nature. They provide a foundation for the narrative by tying together various elements such as characters, plot, and setting into a coherent message or commentary. For example, themes can include love, conflict, ambition, morality, or identity, and they can be expressed through the experiences of the characters and the events in the story. Understanding the theme helps readers to engage more deeply with the text and to consider the author's perspective on the issues presented.